The elk, or wapiti, is the second largest species of deer in the world and one of the largest mammals in North America and eastern Asia. In the deer family, only the moose (called an "elk" in Europe) is larger. Wapiti are almost identical to red deer found in Europe.

Elk range in forest and forest-edge habitat, feeding on grasses, plants, leaves and bark. Although native to North America and eastern Asia, they have adapted well to countries where they have been introduced, including New Zealand and Argentina.

Male elk have large antlers which are shed each year. Males engage in ritualized mating behaviors during the rut, including posturing, antler wrestling and bugling, a loud series of screams which establishes dominance over other males and attracts females. The bugle call is one of the most distinctive calls in nature.

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Moose is the North American name for the largest species in the deer family. The same animal is called the Elk in Europe. Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of the males; other members of the family have antlers with a "twig-like" configuration. The name Elk is applied, in North America, to the second largest deer species – an animal also called the wapiti.

The reindeer, known as caribou when wild in North America, is an Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer.

Domesticated caribous are mostly found in northern Scandinavia and Russia, and wild caribou are mostly found in Norway, North America, Greenland and Iceland (where they were introduced by humans in the 18th century). The last wild caribou in Europe are found in portions of southern Norway. The southern boundary of the species' natural range is approximately at 62° north latitude.

The White-tailed deer, also known as the Virginia deer, or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized deer found throughout most of the continental United States, southern Canada, Mexico, Central America and northern portions of South America as far south as Peru.

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